MCB2010 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Vertical gene transfer is the process of genes being passed down from parent to offspring Correct Answer-True When bacteria take up naked genetic material from the surrounding environment, this is called Correct Answer-transformation When one bacterium transfers a copy of its plasmid to another bacterium, this is called Correct Answer-conjugation Transformation. transduction. and conjugation are all examples of Correct Answer-horizontal gene transfer What is the name of the process o...

The process involving the introduction of microbes into the environment to clean up toxic pollutants Correct Answer-bioremediation Ebola fever and AIDS are examples of Correct Answer-emerging diseases Opportunistic infections are caused by pathogens that penetrate the skin. true or false Correct Answer-false caused by pathogens that are not normally pathogenic to healthy people It is characteristic of procaryotic organisms to have membrane-bound organelles. true or false Correct Answ...

Sterile Correct Answer-Is an item free of microbes including endospores, but does not consider prions Sterilization Correct Answer-The removal or destruction of all microorganisms Commercial Sterilization Correct Answer-Conditions achieved by application of heat which renders food free from microorganisms capable of growing in the food at temperatures at which the food is likely to be held during distribution and storage. Commercial Canning Process Correct Answer-• Uses industrial-siz...

metabolism Correct Answer-the sum of all chemical reactions(anabolic and catobolic) within a living organism. OR and energy balance act anabolism Correct Answer-(synthesis), chemical reactions in which energy is used to synthesize large molecules from simpler componenets Example: 1) Amino acid + Amino acid 2) capsule synthesis in bacteria dehydration syntheisis Correct Answer-removal of water to create a larger molecule catabolism Correct Answer-(hydrolysis), the chemical breakdown ...

Innate resistance Correct Answer-bodies first and second line of defense First line of defense Correct Answer-to prevent pathogens entering the body, includes the skin and mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, lacrimal apparatus, normal flora lacrimal apparatus function Correct Answer-produces, distributes, and removes tears normal flora Correct Answer-Microorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease Epidermis Correct Answe...

Archaea Correct Answer-prokaryote cell wall: pseudomurein live in extreme environments include: halophil, thermophil, and methanogen fungi Correct Answer-eukaryote cell wall: chitin yeast - unicell but mold and mushroom are multicelled and made up mycelia (which are made of hyphae) protozoa Correct Answer-eukaryote can be free living or parasitic motile via: pseudopod (ex. amoeba), cilia (ex. paramecium), or flagella (ex. trichomonas vaginalis) plasmodium vivax is a protozoan al...

classifications of microbes Correct Answer-bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and small multicellular animals bacteria & archaea Correct Answer-prokaryotes, unicellular & lack nucleus, much smaller than eukaryotes, found in moist environments & isolated extreme conditions, asexual repro, bacteria has peptidoglycan cell wall while archaea does not 2 types of prokaryotes Correct Answer-bacteria and archaea fungi Correct Answer-eukaryotic (membrane bound nucleus), obtain food from ...

What is the proper way to write bacteria? Correct Answer-Genus is capitalized, specific epithet is lowercase, everything is italicized Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Correct Answer-Using his handcrafted microscopes, he was the first to observe and describe microorganisms. Considered the Grandfather of Microbiology Louis Pasteur Correct Answer-demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air, support biogenesis Robert Koch Correct Answer-provided the experimental steps, Koch's postulates...

1. Biochemical tests are used to determine -Staining characteristic -Amino acid sequences -Nucleic acid-base composition -Enzymatic activities -All of these Correct Answer-Enzymatic activities 2. According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the -End-product must not be in excess. -Substrate must bind to the enzyme -Substrate must bind to the repressor -Repressor must bind to the operator -Repressor must not be synthesized Correct Answer-Substrate...

Microorganisms Correct Answer-organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye Microbes in our life Correct Answer--pathogenic (disease-causing) -organic (carbon-based) (proteins, carbs, DNA) What do microbes produce? Correct Answer--produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone -produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese and bread -produce products in manufacturing (cellulase) and treatment (insulin) What are the 3 classifications in the ecosystem? Correc...